Marilee Swart*
Varsity College,
Independent Institute of Education,
Pretoria Campus, South Africa.
https://orcid.org.0000-0002-0766-661X
maswart@varsitycollege.co.za
Dr Shamola Pramjeeth
Varsity College,
Independent Institute of Education,
National Office, South Africa.
https://orcid.org.0000-0002-8673-1634
spramjeeth@varsitycollege.co.za
Vol 21 | Issue 1 | 16-30
*Corresponding author
Abstract
Could this be a world where customers fall head over heels for brands with influencers acting as the love potion that makes the magic happen? This article explores the role that online influencers play in promoting brand love through hedonic experiences, brand hate, and the key considerations small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to be mindful of when recruiting influencers. Choosing an influencer who will enhance customer engagement, brand loyalty, and commitment, ultimately driving the success of the brand, is vital for an SME. Adopting a qualitative research design and purposive sampling, this study interviewed eleven SME customers in the Gauteng province of South Africa who have active social media accounts and follow SMEs online. The findings reveal four key themes, namely identifying factors of influencers, the meaning of brand love, the meaning of brand hate, and considerations when choosing the right influencer to let customers fall in love with your brand. The study findings bridge the gap in understanding the relationship between influencers and brand love from a South African perspective. SMEs will be able to enhance their brand love and the hedonic experience by choosing the appropriate influencer for their brand to enhance customer engagement, brand loyalty and commitment from their customers, and to, ultimately, drive brand success.
Keywords: Brand Hate, Brand Love, Influencer
Back to Volume 21 | Issue 1 | June 2025
References
AlFarraj, O., Alalwan, A.A., Obeidat, Z.M., Baabdullah, A., Aldmour, R. & Al-Haddad, S., 2021, ‘Examining the impact of influencers’ credibility dimensions: attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise on the purchase intention in the aesthetic dermatology industry’, Review of International Business and Strategy 31(3), 355-374.
Al-Suqri, M.N. & Al-Kharusi, R.M., 2015, ‘Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of reasoned action (TRA) (1980)’, Information seeking behavior and technology adoption: Theories and trends, 188-204.
Bala, M. & Verma, D., 2018, ‘A critical review of digital marketing’, International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering 8(10), 321-339.
Barta, S., Belanche, D., Fernández, A. & Flavián, M., 2023, ‘Influencer marketing on TikTok: The effectiveness of humor and followers’ hedonic experience’, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 70(103149), 1-12.
Campbell, C. & Farrell, J.R., 2020, ‘More than meets the eye: The functional components underlying influencer marketing’, Business horizons 63(4), 1-11.
Cant, M., 2012, ‘Challenges faced by SMEs in South Africa: Are marketing skills needed?’, International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11(10), 1107-1116.
Carroll, B.A. & Ahuvia, A.C., 2006, ‘Some antecedents and outcomes of brand love’, Marketing letters 17(2), 79-89.
Çelik, Z., 2022, ‘The moderating role of influencer attractiveness in the effect of brand love, brand trust, brand awareness and brand image on brand loyalty’, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21(43), 148-167.
Cheng, M. & Zhang, S., 2024, ‘Reputation burning: Analyzing the impact of brand sponsorship on social influencers’, Management Science, 18 October, 1.
Fnb n.d., SMEs should not overlook the importance of marketing, viewed 6 February 2025, from https://www.fnb.co.za/blog/businessTalk/articles/marketingYourBusiness/?blog=businessTalk&category=Deals&articleName=marketingYourBusiness&srsltid=AfmBOorgc8_D7RlBGqmhW7ZZrCvBaPst1at6y3dvHbR5jikH3XSZCYn_.
Forbes 8 December 2022, How Influencer Marketing Can Change Your Digital Marketing Trajectory, viewed 12 August 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/12/08/how-influencer-marketing-can-change-your-digital-marketing-trajectory/.
Hale, J.L., Householder, B.J. & Greene, K.L., 2002, ‘The theory of reasoned action’, The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice, pp. 259-286, Sage Publishing Inc., California.
Hass, A. & Laverie, D.A., 2020, ‘Putting the Social in Social Media: A Qualitative Study of Influencers on Instagram’, 2020 AMA Winter Academic Conference (31), 14-16.
Heggde, G. & Shainesh, G., 2018, ‘Social media marketing: Evolution and change’, Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
Hegner, S.M., Fenko, A. & Teravest, A., 2017a, ‘Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand brand love’, Journal of Product & Brand Management 26(1), 26-41.
Hegner, S.M., Fetscherin, M. & Van Delzen, M., 2017b, ‘Determinants and outcomes of brand hate’, Journal of Product & Brand Management 26(1), 13-25.
Holbrook, M.B. & Hirschman, E.C., 1982, ‘The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun’, Journal of consumer research 9(2), 132-140.
Hussain, S., Khan, J., Lakho, A. & Saleem, A., 2022, ‘Implementation of Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Brand love and Its Outcomes’, Journal of Policy Research 8(4), 152-162.
Influencer Marketing Hub 5 February 2025, What is Influencer Marketing? The ultimate Guide for 2025, viewed 6 February 2025, from https://influencermarketinghub.com/influencer-marketing/#toc-0.
Istipliler, B., Bort, S. & Woywode, M., 2023, ‘Flowers of adversity: Institutional constraints and innovative SMEs in transition economies’, Journal of Business Research 154 (113306), 1-18.
Jin, S.V., Muqaddam, A. & Ryu, E., 2019, ‘Instafamous and social media influencer marketing’, Marketing Intelligence & Planning 35(5), 567-579.
Kedi, W.E., Ejimuda, C., Idemudia, C. & Ijomah, T.I., 2024, ‘AI Chatbot integration in SME marketing platforms: Improving customer interaction and service efficiency’, International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 6(7), 2332-2341.
Ki, C. W. C. & Kim, Y. K., 2019, ‘The mechanism by which social media influencers persuadeconsumers: The role of consumers’ desire to mimic’, Psychology & Marketing 36(10), 905-922.
Leite, Â., Rodrigues, A. & Lopes, S., 2024, ‘Customer connections: A cross-cultural investigation of brand experience and brand love in the retail landscape’, Administrative Sciences 14(1), 11.
Lestiyani, D.N. & Purwanto, S., 2024, ‘Analisis Pengaruh Influencer Marketing dan Brand Love terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Skincare Skintific’, El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 5(2), 886-898.
Levin, A., 2020, Influencer marketing for brands, Apress, CA.
Lou, C. & Yuan, S., 2019, ‘Influencer marketing: how message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media’, Journal of Interactive Advertising 19(1), 58- 73.
Ma’aji, M.M., Shrubsall, R.S. & Anderson, E.O., 2023, ‘Determinants of SME success or failure in frontier markets’, International Journal of Banking and Finance 18(1), 1-30.
Malau, E., 2024, ‘The role of the government in creating a supportive and enabling environment for SMMEs to prosper in Johannesburg’. Masters dissertation, College of Business and Economics, University Of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Metzler, H. & Garcia, D., 2024, ‘Social drivers and algorithmic mechanisms on digital media’, Perspectives on Psychological Science 19(5), 735-748.
Mhlongo, T. & Daya, P., 2023, ‘Challenges faced by small, medium and micro enterprises in Gauteng: A case for entrepreneurial leadership as an essential tool for success’, The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 15(1), 591.
Montano, D.E. & Kasprzyk, D., 2015, ‘Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model’, Health behavior: Theory, research and practice 70(4), 231.
Napontun, K., Senachai, P., Julagasigorn, P. & Chuenpreecha, D., 2024, ‘Influences of the Promotion Mix on Brand Love, Brand Loyalty, and Word-Of-Mouth: Evidence from Online Fashion Retail in Thailand’, ABAC Journal 44(4), 1-26.
Palusuk, N., Koles, B. & Hasan, R., 2019, ‘All you need is brand love’: a critical review and comprehensive conceptual framework for brand love’, Journal of Marketing Management 35(1-2), 97-129.
Peslak, A., Ceccucci, W. & Sendall, P., 2011, ‘An empirical study of social networking behavior using theory of reasoned action’, Proc. of CONISAR, 11.
Priori data 16 January 2025, Social Media Users 2025 (Global Data & Statistics) viewed 6 February 2025, from https://prioridata.com/data/social-media-usage/.
Rajagopaul, A., Magwentshu, N. & Kalidas, S., 2020, ‘How South African SMEs can survive and thrive post COVID-19. Providing the right support to enable SME growth now and beyond the crisis’, McKinsey & Company, July 2020, 1-13.
Rajput, A., Suryavanshi, K. & Gandhi, A., 2024, ‘“Whom to Trust?”: To Investigate the Efficacy of Influencer Marketing and Social Media Sponsored Advertisements’, in Rajagopal, Behl, R. (eds), Corporate Democracy, Open Innovation, and Growth: Business Transformation in Developing Economies, pp. 319-355, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Rosengren, S. & Campbell, C., 2021, ‘Navigating the future of influencer advertising: Consolidating what is known and identifying new research directions’, Journal of Advertising 50(5), 505-509.
Ryan, R.M. & Deci, E.L., 2001, ‘On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being’, Annual review of psychology 52(1), 141-166.
Sarkar, A., 2014, ‘Brand love in emerging market: a qualitative investigation’, Qualitative market research: an international journal 17(4), 481-494.
Sharabati, A.A.A., Ali, A.A.A., Allahham, M.I., Hussein, A.A., Alheet, A.F. & Mohammad, A.S., 2024, ‘The Impact of Digital Marketing on the Performance of SMEs: An Analytical Study in Light of Modern Digital Transformations’, Sustainability 16(19), 8667.
Siddique, S. & Rajput, A., 2022, ‘Self-expressiveness and hedonic brand affect brand love through brand jealousy’, Future Business Journal 8(1), 1-13.
Slamet, F.A. & Yuliana, L., 2024, ‘The Impact of Brand Hate and Negative E-WOM on Non Purchase Intention (Case Study on American Food)’, Journal of Applied Business Administration 8(2), 311-323.
Skoog, M. & Söderström, M., 2015, ‘Antecedents and Outcomes of Brand Love: A qualitative study within the Swedish clothing industry’, 1-92, Degree Project, Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå University, Sweden.
Statista 2022, Number of influencers brands worked with worldwide as of March 2022, viewed 9 February 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1257613/number-influencers-brands/.
Statista 2022, Influencer marketing market size worldwide from 2016 to 2022, viewed 9 Februart 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1092819/global-influencer-market-size/.
Statista 2025, Total number of active social media users in South Africa from 2014 to 2024, viewed 25 February 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1306799/number-of-social-media-users-south-africa/.
Vaidya, R. & Karnawat, T., 2023, ‘Conceptualizing influencer marketing: A literature review on the strategic use of social media influencers’, International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research 2, 81-86.
Walter, C.E., Vale, V.T., Au-Yong-Oliveira, M., Veloso, C.M. & Sousa, B.B., 2023, ‘“The Dark Side of the Brand” and Brand Hate: A Review and Future Research Agenda’, Administrative Sciences 13(11), 1-19.
Yang, J., Zhang, J. & Zhang, Y., 2024, ‘Engagement that sells: Influencer video advertising on TikTok’, Marketing Science, December 2024, 1-21.
Back to Volume 21 | Issue 1 | June 2025