Dr EAN Dakora, Prof P Rambe
Vol 18 | Issue 1 pp. 59-75
Abstract
This article explores the adoption of digital technologies and innovation by South African food and grocery retailers during the Covid-19 pandemic to engage their customers and how this unprecedented level of innovation could lead to a paradigm shift in the sector. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, South Africa experienced one of the harshest national lockdowns, with only businesses that sell food and essential services allowed to operate. Food and grocery retailers were among those allowed to trade. These organisations had to introduce new ways of operating by adopting technology and innovation to increase sales while keeping their customers and employees safe. Their initiatives contributed to a record increase in online sales of more than 50% in the country for 2020. This study reviews the 2020 annual reports of the major South food and grocery retailers to determine the kind of digital technologies adopted and their general innovative approaches in response to the pandemic to determine the future trajectory of the sector post-Covid-19. The findings show that South Africa has a pandemic-led disruption of the food and grocery retail sector. The findings further demonstrate an impressive adoption and implementation of digital technologies including mobile applications, click, and collect by retailers, pointing towards a digital transformation of the sector. The investment in digital technologies and innovation will enable them to transition and compete effectively in the new world of post-Covid-19 retailing while providing better shopping options for their customers.
Keywords: Food and grocery retailing, Covid-19, digital technology, Innovation, Online Shopping
This article may be downloaded from the following locations:
References
Accenture. 2019. Rethinking The Ecommerce Opportunity in South Africa: How Retailers can Pivot to Digital Customers. https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-108/Accenture-eCommerce-POV.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021].
Brand, C., Schwanen, T. & Anable, J. 2020. ‘Online Omnivores’ or ‘Willing but struggling’? Identifying online grocery shopping behavior segments using attitude theory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 102195.
Cant, M. C. 2020. Employee engagement and performance: A case of South Africa retail organisations circa Covid-19. The Retail and Marketing Review: Special Covid Edition, 16(3), 58–67.
Cavallo, C., Sacchi, G. & Carfora, V. 2020. Resilience effects in food consumption behaviour at the time of Covid-19: perspectives from Italy. Heliyon, 6, e0576.
Chopra, S. 2016. How omni-channel can be the future of retailing. Decision, 43,135–144.
Deloitte. 2017. Disruptions in Retail through Digital Transformation: Reimagining the Store of the Future. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/CIP/in-cip-disruptions-in-retail-noexp.pdf [Accessed 15 September 2021].
Ecim, D., Lang, Y., Cerbone, D., Kok, M., Maroun, W. & Van Zijl, W. 2020. Crisis communication initiatives between South African retailers ans their stakeholders during Covid-19. The Retail and Marketing Review: Special Covid Edition, 16(3), 32–47.
Erdmann, A. & Ponzoa, J. M. 2021. Digital inbound marketing: Measuring the economic performance of grocery e-commerce in Europe and the USA. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 162, 120373.
Goddard, E. 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on food retail and food service in Canada: Preliminary assessment. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68, 157–161.
Grand View Research, 2020. Online Grocery Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product Type (Fresh Produce, Breakfast & Dairy, Snacks & Beverages, Staples & Cooking Essentials), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020–2027. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/online-grocery-market [Accessed 15 September 2021].
Grewal, D., Noble, S. M., Roggeveen, A. & Nordfalt, J. 2019. The future of in-store technology, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48, 96–113.
Hood, N., Urquhart, R., Newing, A. & Heppenstall, A. 2020. Sociodemographic and spatial disaggregation of e-commerce channel use in the grocery market in Great Britain. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55, 102076.
Kwon, W. S., Woo, H., Sadachar, A. & Xiao Huang, X. 2021. External pressure or internal culture? An innovation diffusion theory account of small retail businesses’ social media use. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62, 102616.
Marcucci, E., Gatta, V., Pira, M. L., Chao, T. & Li, S. 2021. Bricks or clicks? Consumer channel choice and its transport and environmental implications for the grocery market in Norway. Cities, 110, 103046.
Massmart. 2020. Integrated Annual Report for the year ended December 2020. https://www.massmart.co.za/iar2020/wp-content/uploads/Massmart_IAR2020-1.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021]
Opute, A. P., Iwu, C. G., Adeola, O., Mugobo, V. V., Okeke-Uzodike, O. E., Fagbola, O. & Jaiyeoba, O. 2020. The COVID-19-pandemic and implications for businesses: Innovative retail marketing viewpoint. The Retail and Marketing Review: Special Covid Edition, 16(3), 85–100.
Oslo Manual, 2018. Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation. Www. Oecd.org/dsti [Accessed 20 August 2021].
Pantano, E. 2014. Innovation drivers in retail industry. International Journal Information Management, 34 (3), 344–350.
Pantano, E., Priporas, C. V., Sorace, S. & Iazzolino, G. 2017. Does innovation-orientation lead to retail industry growth? Empirical evidence from patent analysis. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 34, 88–94.
Pantano, E. & Vannucci, V. 2019. Who is innovating? An exploratory research of digital technologies diffusion in retail industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 49, 297–304.
Pick n Pay. 2021. https://www.picknpayinvestor.co.za/downloads/annual-report/2021/pick-n-pay-iar-new.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021].
Rogers, E.M. 1983. Diffusion of Innovations, 3rd ed. New York: The Free Press.
Rogers, E.M., 1995. Diffusion of Innovations, 4thh ed. New York: The Free Press.
Rogers, E. M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York: The Free Press.
Roggeveen, A. L. & Sethuraman, R. 2020. Customer-Interfacing Retail Technologies in 2020 & Beyond: An Integrative Framework and Research Directions. Journal of Retailing, 96(3), 299–309.
SACSC, 2017. SA has more than 23 million square metres of retail space. https://sacsc.co.za/news/sa-has-more-than-23-million-square-metres-of-retail-space [Accessed 20 September 2021].
Shankar, V., Kalyanam, K., Setia, P., Golmohammedi, A., Tirunillai, S. Douglass, T., Hennessey, J., Bull, J.S. & Waddoups, R. 2021. How Technology is Changing Retail. Journal of Retailing, 97(3), 13-27.
Shoprite Holdings Limited. 2020. Integrated Annual Report 2020. https://www.shopriteholdings.co.za/content/dam/MediaPortal/documents/shoprite-holdings/integrated-report/2020/shoprite_ir_2020_ia.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021]
Siawsolit, C. & Gaukler, G. M. 2021. Offsetting omnichannel grocery fulfillment cost through advance ordering of perishables, International Journal of Production Economics, 239, 108192.
South Africa. Competition Commission, 2019. Data services market inquiry final report. https://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/DSMI-Non-Confidential-Report-002.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021]
Steynberg, L., Grundling, J. P., Liu, B. & Li, Y. 2020. Higher education’s role in capacitating retail businesses’ well-being, resilience and efficiency post-COVID-19. The Retail and Marketing Review: Special Covid Edition, 16(3), 19–31.
The Spar Group Limited. 2020. Integrated Annual Report 2020. https://thespargroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/SPAR_IAR_2020_Final.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021]
Tortora, D., Chierici, R., Briamonte, M. F. & Tsicini, R., 2021. ‘I digitize so I exist’. Searching for critical capabilities affecting firms’ digital innovation. Journal of Business Research, 129, 193–204.
Vaz de Magalhaes, D. J. A. 2021. Analysis of critical factors affecting the final decision-making for online grocery shopping. Research in Transportation Economics, 87, 101088.
Wingfield, A, 2021. #BizTrends2021: Recalibrating for diminished growth – resolutions for 2021. https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/731/211985.html [Accessed 10 September 2021].
Woolworths Hodings Limited. 2020. The Good Business Journey Report. https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/2020_Good_Business_Journey_Report.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021].
World Wide Worx, 2019. Online Retail in South Africa 2019. http://www.worldwideworx.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Exec-Summary-Online-Retail-in-SA-2019.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2021].